Fiscal Stimulus and Monetary Policy
RBA Governor Glenn Stevens, making the case for tightening monetary policy yesterday:
If we were prepared to cut rates rapidly, to a very low level, in response to a threat but then were too timid to lessen that stimulus in a timely way when the threat had passed, we would have a bias in our monetary policy framework. Experience here and elsewhere counsels against that approach.
The same argument can be made in relation to fiscal policy, but not because it will make the RBA’s job any easier. The main argument for winding back the fiscal stimulus at a faster pace is to avoid the long-run costs from crowding-out and resource misallocation rather to contribute to short-run demand management. There is no necessary contradiction in arguing that fiscal stimulus has been ineffective and that it should now be wound back, as some have suggested.
Standard New Keynesian models would predict that fiscal stimulus in a small open economy will induce capital inflows, put upward pressure on the exchange rate and crowd-out net exports, rendering discretionary fiscal policy wholly ineffective in stimulating aggregate demand. Treasury have argued that this does not apply in the context of a concerted global fiscal expansion. The problem with the Treasury’s argument is that Australia’s fiscal stimulus is one of the world’s largest as a share of GDP and we now have the exchange rate appreciation to show for it.
Despite the downturn, underlying inflation as measured by the RBA’s statistical core series remains above the upper-bound of the RBA’s 2-3% medium-term target range. The Bank’s forecast that underlying inflation will return to the middle of the target range by June 2010 is based on economic forecasts that look overly pessimistic. Little wonder that the inter-bank futures market is pricing an aggressive tightening cycle, with a further 50 basis points of tightening more than fully priced before the end of the year.
posted on 16 October 2009 by skirchner
in Economics, Financial Markets, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy
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Comments
Are you referring to the Twin Deficits theory? If so, is there solid evidence to back it up?
Posted by .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) on 10/16 at 08:29 PM
No and no!
Posted by skirchner on 10/19 at 02:53 PM
As I understand the Twin Deficits theory, it goes something like this: fiscal stimulus lead to budget deficits which are funded by borrowing, this crowds out private borrowings thus leading to higher interest rates, higher interest rates attract foreign investment which caused the dollar to appreciate. A higher dollar makes exports dearer and imports cheaper, thus widening the trade deficit. This hurts the export sector, resulting in job losses, and thus completely offsetting the purpose of the stimulus in the first place.
Is this not what you are saying, or have I missed some steps somewhere?
Posted by .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address) on 10/20 at 10:32 PM
Twin deficits is just the idea that the budget and current acct balance are related, but the relationship between them is not a strong one.
Crowding out is more about substitution between public and private investment. Combined with Ricardian equivalance, this has ambiguous implications for the saving and investment balance that determines the current account balance.
Posted by skirchner on 10/21 at 07:55 AM